Wire Size & Voltage Drop Calculator (DC & AC

Calculate electrical wire size in mm² and AWG for 12V, 24V, 120V, 230V and 400V based on power, length and voltage drop under NEC Table 310.16 and IEC 60364.

Recommended Wire Size4 mm²
Exact Theoretical Area2.61 mm²
Line Current (Amps)15.2 A
Line Power Loss68 W

Voltage Drop & Conductor Cross-Section Formulas

Regulatory Reference (USA & International): Under NFPA 70 (NEC Art. 210.19) and IEC 60364-5-52, maximum recommended voltage drop is 3% for branch circuits and 5% combined feeder + branch. Ampacity must comply with NEC Table 310.16 (75°C / 90°C copper).

Direct Current (DC) & Single-Phase AC: S = (2 × L × I × ρ) / ΔU
Three-Phase Alternating Current (400V): S = (√3 × L × I × ρ × cos φ) / ΔU

Standard Copper Wire Sizes, Ampacity & Breaker Protection (NEC / IEC)

Wire Size (mm²)Max Current PVC (A)Typical Breaker (MCB)Typical Residential / Solar Application
1.5 mm²15 A10 ALighting circuits (C1) & signaling
2.5 mm²21 A16 AGeneral power outlets (C2) & kitchen/bath (C5)
4.0 mm²27 A20 AWashing machine, dishwasher & water heater
6.0 mm²36 A25 AElectric stove, oven & medium solar inverters
10.0 mm²50 A40 AMain sub-feeders & EV charging station (Wallbox)
16.0 mm²66 A50 A / 63 AHigh-power main feeders & 24V/48V battery banks

Popular Pre-Calculated Engineering Scenarios

Frequently Asked Technical Questions (FAQ)

How do you calculate wire size for voltage drop?

For DC and single-phase AC circuits, cross-sectional area S (mm²) = (2 × Length × Current × ρ) / Voltage Drop (V). Always verify that conductor ampacity meets NFPA 70 (NEC Table 310.16) or IEC 60364.

What is the maximum allowable voltage drop?

Under NEC and IEC standards, the recommended maximum voltage drop is 3% for branch circuits and 5% total for combined feeder and branch circuits.

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